Diabetic eye screening (DES)
Published on 20 February 2026
Diabetic eye screening is a test to check for a condition called diabetic retinopathy. This is when diabetes causes the small blood vessels in the retina (backs of the eyes) to leak or become blocked.
Screening is an important part of NHS diabetic care. It can find changes to your retina before any symptoms of sight loss. Getting treated early can reduce or prevent sight loss.
Who is offered diabetic eye screening
In Scotland, diabetic eye screening is offered to people aged 12 and over with diabetes.
How are patients invited to screening
Patients are sent an invitation letter when screening is due. If they are concerned about their vision, and their appointment is not due, patients are asked to contact their local optometrist (optician).
Where are patients screened
Screening is delivered at various locations across Scotland and depends upon the local NHS Board arrangements. Patients may be screened at their local GP practice, their local optometrist (opticians) or at a hospital location.
What to expect during diabetic eye screening
Diabetic eye screening involves taking photos of the retinas (backs of both eyes) using a special camera. The camera does not touch the patient’s eyes. A patient may require eye drops to dilate their pupils. When eye drops are given, they can sting very briefly. Eye drops also have temporary side effects, where the eyes become sensitive to light, and vision can be blurry. Patients are therefore advised not to drive after the appointment, as these side effects can last a few hours.
The appointment will usually take no more than 30 minutes. There are no risks from diabetic eye screening.
Patients can watch the following video: Diabetic eye screening (DES) - what to expect at your appointment.
What happens after screening
The photos are reviewed by a specially trained health professional who looks for signs of retinopathy. Once the images have been assessed, a letter is generated advising the patient of the results. Patients will get one of the following results.
- No retinopathy found.
- Minor changes are found.
- Changes needing follow-up are found.
- Unclear results.
Patients will be recalled depending on the outcome and this can range from 3 months to 24 months.
Further information for patients
Information is available on NHS Inform. Diabetic eye screening (DES) in Scotland | NHS inform
Further information for health professionals
SOAS Contact
Samantha Creamer: Senior Programme Manager Diabetic Eye Screening
Email: nss.DESprogramme@nhs.scot